India and China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

India and China - Essay Example As moms, they used to deal with their homes and their kids and guarantee that their girls wind up damaging a rich individual. In India, a female serves a few jobs for an incredible duration at various phases of life. Each female is relied upon to experience two phases of life, the primary stage is the point at which an Indian female takes on the situation as a little girl in Indian family and the subsequent stage is the point at which she takes on the situation of being a spouse alongside a girl in law in her life. As an Indian female youngster or little girl, the guardians of an Indian young lady anticipate that her should make a mind-blowing most, focus on her examinations and become a dutiful kid to her folks. For instance, Sita in Sarena Nanda’s article named â€Å"Arranging a Marriage in India† states that as a kid her family doesn't anticipates that her should discover a beau and a future accomplice for her and rather need her to leave this undertaking on their sh oulders while she keeps on having a ton of fun and make an amazing most (Hirschberg 192). This even implies guardians of Indian families anticipate that their girls should be reliant on them for significant choices of their life, for example, choosing about the individual whom she will get hitched to and consume her time on earth with. Another significant point expressed in Nanda’s article is that when a young lady is hitched to a kid in India, the young lady doesn't just gets hitched to the individual male, she even consents to be submitted with whole group of her better half. For instance, when Sita was gotten some information about how she can get hitched to an individual she doesn't have the foggiest idea, she reacted that her folks lead a historical verification on the group of her future conceivable spouse. This implies at an early age, her folks have just infused it in her brain that after she gets hitched she even needs to serve the group of her significant other. In the old Chinese period, the Chinese families anticipated that the female kids should acknowledge that the guys of the general public were elites and they were subordinates to them. This is obvious in the article named â€Å"China Chic: East Meets West† as it has been expressed that the movement of foot restricting was constrained to the female sexual orientation and at an early age this action was directed to guarantee that the size of female feet stays littler than the size of the male feet to represent male predominance (Steele 416). The females of the antiquated Chinese time were even expected to acknowledge that regardless of how feeble their male partners were, they were still elites and predominant. This clarification is right as foot restricting was particularly under taken during the period when the Chinese were encountering massacres and so as to support the resolve of the military authorities, foot restricting was utilized to cause them to feel predominant. Chinese ladies were even expected by their relatives, particularly by their moms to look explicitly appealing so they can contend with courtesans so as to pull in their male partners. Steele declares that little feet were seen to be explicitly alluring, hence females of old Chinese used to be engaged with the demonstration of foot official. The procedure of foot restricting even mirrors that Chinese ladies during the antiquated Chinese time frame were relied upon to wed a rich spouse and so as to draw in such a husband, their families used to tie their feet at an early age and their youngsters used to acknowledge the movement in an extremely courageous way. Steele’s message even features that the job of a mother was to guarantee

Sociological Aspects of Sports Researchs Essay Example For Students

Sociological Aspects of Sports Researchs Essay 1. Refer to the article that you discover utilizing APA sixth ed. Organization: Fox CK, Barr-Anderson D, Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M. Physical movement and sports group interest: relationship with scholarly results in center school and secondary school understudies. J Sch Health. 2010; 80: 31-37. 2. What is the examination question as well as reason articulation of study? What are the theories? â€Å"The motivation behind this investigation is to look at the relationship between sports group interest, physical action, and scholarly results in center and secondary school students.† (Fox, Barr-Anderson, Neumark-Sztainer Wall, pg. 31). The speculation of the exploration was that there was no uncertainty about the scholarly advantages of physical exercises and sports group cooperation, however one would create a more noteworthy effect on the scholastics of secondary school-or center school-matured youthful grown-ups. This isn't conspicuously expressed, yet is inferred through the presentation of the undertaking. 3. Rundown the particular data that the creators gave about the members of the examination: The members of the examination were extremely various. 50.1% of the members were guys and 49.7% were females, while the other 0. 2% was either undefined or there was a misprint in the information. These members were from the age of 11 to 18, with the normal age being 14.9 years old. 33.9% of the understudies were center young, while the 64.8% were secondary young. 48.5% were white, 19% were African American, 19.2% were Asian American, 5.8% were Hispanic, 3.5% were Native American, and 3.9% recognized themselves as other or blended ethnicities. The gathering was likewise separated by class, which was evaluated by a couple of key elements: most elevated level of instruction accomplished by guardians, family qualification for open help,. .uthors talked about the potential advantages of considering not simply the measure of sports group cooperation and long stretches of MVPA, yet the connection between cardiorespiratory effort during physical exercises and the scholastic exhibitions identified with the sum. This may decide whether there is an ideal degree of movement which may present improved scholarly achievement. I concur with this. I had not dared to consider other research that could diverge from this. I anticipated that their outcomes should be as they were, and I didn't learn without question, then again, actually sports groups support is preferable for scholastics over basically moderate to vivacious physical exercises. Works CitedFox CK, Barr-Anderson D, Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M. Physical action and sports group interest: relationship with scholastic results in center school and secondary school understudies. J Sch Health. 2010; 80: 31-37.

1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has

1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has 1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has Decided To Introduce A â€" Essay Example > XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxLecturerXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxAugust 3rd, 2012. Introduction For many years the banking industry has been faced with issues related to the fraud and tremendous steps have been made so as to ensure that that they do not lose money because of fraud. In response to this issue the bank have decided to introduce a biometric system where the customers will use iris recognition so as to be able to access their bank accounts. Biometric system are termed as the automatic recognition systems that are used to recognize a specific distinctive characteristic or a personal trait of a certain individual and it is used to identify the individuals or verify that the individual is the one he claims to be (Daugman n. d). The IRIS is seen as a major feature that can be used since it is a more protected organ and it is less prone to injury. This method of recognition is termed as the process u sed to recognize an individual by analyzing the random iris pattern (Daugman n. d). The biometric system been used raises some issues related to the privacy of the customers data as well as effectiveness of the system when implemented in the bank. Hence the thesis statement of the paper is: do the use of the iris biometric system aid in reducing fraud cases in banks. Argument 1: Privacy As compared to other existing technologies Biometric system have a great effect on the privacy of individuals. If iris recognition biometrics can be deployed in the right manner they can actually protect privacy but if not applied they can lead to a loss of personal privacy. Privacy of an individual data is seen as a major concern to most individuals. There seems to be an unvarying challenge of trying to solve privacy issues in biometrics systems. The iris biometric data are very personal information since they contain information about an individual. They are considered as been among the most sens itive since they are fixed and can rarely be changed and though certain medical procedures may alter the iris the fine texture that is associated with the iris rarely changes. Counter argument However to counter argue the statement in as much as the biometric system at times ensures the privacy of personal information sometimes this individual right is at times not adhered to. Sometimes fraudsters are able to get the private information regarding a certain client thus the privacy of information is not achieved though it is one of the major reason behind the implementation of the iris recognition biometric method. There are also other instances in which a customer can be forced to give his details against his own will. Privacy is also major concern since the data collected about the clients may be at times used for other purposes rather than the main purpose for which it was intended for. The possibility of multiple uses of the data collected is relatively high. In instances when t he identifier is collected as well as stored in a database, the is easily accessible and can at times be matched against any other future samples though at times they are usually collected to entirely different purposes.

Examine the Main Characteristics of Conversion and...

A conversion is a religious experience that changes a persons beliefs from one religion to another, there are three types of conversion with characteristics varying among them. Mystical experience however is a more extreme form of experience, which is not just seeing hearing or feeling someone but a deeper union with god. Non-volitional is a non voluntary conversion which is forced on someone. This usually means that the person is hostile to the belief they later come to hold, as it is forced it is not sought after either. God is usually involved by a direct action such as a voice or lights, which results in the conversion being sudden. The scale of these conversions are massive as they are dramatic and spectacular due to the†¦show more content†¦This searching was carried out by Tolstoy himself without any intervening act by God, and was a gradual process which took many weeks. As Tolstoy searched within himself for the answer,it was a lesser change and happened on a low key scale including thoughts rather than sudden and dramatic lights and voices. The last type of conversion is self surrender and every conversion has an element of self surrender as in every conversion there has to be a tipping point where the person gives in to the belief they will become to believe otherwise it would not be a conversion. C.S.Lewis conversion centered massively around self surrender, as for months and months he rejected God who cam to him many nights with his beliefs. Over and over he rejected them beliefs until one night C.S.Lewis reached his tipping point and accepted God coming to him. He got to his knees and began to pray, he had finally accepted Gods beliefs and teachings, which resulted in his conversion. Mystical experience is on a deeper meaning then just feeling, seeing or hearing God. Mystical experience involves a union with God, in which you become one with Him. In the Upanishads this union with God is described as rivers flow to their rest in the ocean and there leave behind them name and form, so the knower liberated from name and form, reaches the divine Person beyond the beyond.Show MoreRelatedPersonal and/or Religious Experience Is Particularly Revealing for Developing a Fuller Understanding or Ourselves and/God? (50))2438 Words   |  10 Pages Personal and/or religious experience is particularly revealing for developing a fuller understanding or ourselves and/God? (35) Examine and comment on this claim with reference to the topic you have investigated? (15) â€Å"There is no single thing that can be bottled and neatly labelled as a religious experience†-Harvey. A religious experience is an outward encounter with something divine also known as God. This experience is set apart from any other experience as it is based on religious contextRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesprocess of producing novels. In contrast, Walter Besant stood for simplicity in the mentioned art that could not pass the clear vision of reality. However, the one who brought the genre into the following period was Stevenson. In his point of view the main aim for an author to achieve was to give pleasure without forgetting about artistic and moral values. In 1848, G.H.Lewes claimed that â€Å" Art always aims at the Representation of Reality, i.e. of Truth†. Realism was a centre of ‘Victorian novel’. TheRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthis new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experience and understanding and provided the field with an imaginative resource to address the dynamics between theory and practice. Dr Susanne Tietze, Bradford University, UK The key to success for managers is not only to be result oriented but also to beRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescompanies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations tha t challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under anyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISONRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthis aging issue means that HR professionals will continue to face significant staffing difficulties. Efforts to attract older workers through the use of part-time and flexible staffing will increase.7 Also, as more older workers with a lifetime of experience and skills retire, HR will face significant challenges in replacing them with workers having the capabilities and work ethic that characterize many older workers. For HR management, elder care will grow as a major HR issue. More workers will have

Essay on Business Ethics - 753 Words

Sabeel Rehman Business Ethics 10/12/13 Case Study What are the ethical and legal issues at stake in this scenario? A: Karl has to deal with some ethical and possibly legal issues in the marketing of his game â€Å"Breakaway†. It is an issue ethically simply because he himself has to find out it is suitable to market a game that primarily gives its focus on nudity, violence, and gambling. When it comes to legal issues, is it legal to market these things in foreign countries and on the Internet? This is what he needs come to reality with and needs to think about. If they have the ability to market this game in other countries, then they would have to change different parts of the game for the countries that Will has looked into†¦show more content†¦I mean I know it would be my responsibility. But, there needs to be a limit. Gambling is apart of society in America. Any time there is an opening in a shopping plaza a gambling place opens up. To me that shouldn’t be the case, because then it can have a lot of people come in and, a lot of times lose money. It’s a good idea and a great way to generate revenue for the company itself, but bad for people who have a bad habit of gambling. Violence is getting worse as well. Today the world is turning into a monkey see monkey do society. There a lot of causes of this such as, video games being played, the things people see on TV or actually see in person. It’s actually getting more dangerous. With the media promoting more and more on what’s happening in violence. And no justice is being done about it; it’s letting the young youth have permission towards exactly what they’re doing. Which isn’t a good sign. Is marketing sex, violence, and gambling acceptable in other countries if these things do not conflict with local cultures? A: Unfortanently yes it is. For example look at the continent of Europe. The have a red light district system where it is legal to advertise sex in windows. There are streets alone that are dedicated to prostitutes legally if you are age. I don’t think gambling and violence is acceptable. Because they’re more strict and secure on that category. But I rather find it odd that there strict on those things but not nudity. I mean I have a feeling itShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. 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However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. 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According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. 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According to Milton Friedman, a company has the responsibility to generate as much revenue as it can while still conforming to the basic rules that society has set. These rules include the ones embodied in customs as well as in law. Similarly, Peter Drucker stated that

Ronald Reagan †Psychological Eval Free Essays

He has been called the most significant President of the 20th century. Ronald Reagan’s devotion to the American people and his unwavering commitment to managing both domestic and foreign affairs with sincerity, composure and efficiency provided a beacon of hope in an era that was marked by economic turmoil on the homefront and an impending threat of nuclear war. An analysis of Reagan’s life history, from a psychological standpoint, seeks to reveal the significant factors and influential events that may shed light on how he acquired the distinctive characteristics and how the interplay of how these factors subsequently shaped the extraordinary person he became. We will write a custom essay sample on Ronald Reagan – Psychological Eval or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is necessary to consider the influence of heredity, certain family issues, social systems and environment on psychological development. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in the small midwestern town of Tampico, Illinois to Nell (mother) and Jack (father) and older brother Neil. Jack Reagan was a salesman, a staunch Irish- Catholic, a Democrat, despised bigotry and racial discrimination, supported blue collar workers and instilled in his sons the same values. Possibly more influential to Ronald’s psychological development was that his father was also an alcoholic (Gilbert, 2007). This was very difficult aspect of Reagan’s childhood and he struggled to cope with his reality and make sense of his father’s behavior. Ronald’s mother, Nelle was a very patient and nurturing woman who doted on her sons. She can be credited for familiarizing Ronald to theater and the stage by sharing with him her love of acting, as she was an actress herself. Being on stage and performing proved to be enjoyable for Ronald, so much so that he went on to star in various Hollywood movies. He even confessed that, â€Å"for a kid suffering childhood pangs of insecurity, the applause was music† (Will, 1990). She made a concerted effort to help them recognize that their fathers alcoholism, while upsetting and hard to understand, was a disease. Nelle was sympathetic in helping her sons deal with their father’s affliction and urged them not to blame their father for succumbing to the disease. She functioned as the constant source of unconditional loving care that seemed to lessen, though not completely diminish, the impact of Jack’s disease (Gilbert, 2007). She reminded her sons how evident their father’s love was when he was not drinking and helped them to maintain love and respect for their father in spite of his weakness. Nelle was a faithfully eligious woman and frequently made visits to families in need, the sick and went out of her way to lend a helping hand to anyone she was able help. Her generosity, kindness and unconditional love had a profound impact on her sons and masked some of the pain and disillusionment associated with their fathers’ alcoholism (Gilbert, 2007). For Reagan, growing up in an environment marked by the staggering paradox of his parents left an indelible impact on his life. His mother was the dependable parent who provided consistent love and guidance. In contrast, Jack Reagan’s alcoholism caused his sons considerable grief and confusion as to why he was unable to conquer his disease. Nelle Reagan wanted to protect her sons by rationalizing Jack’s behavior hoping they would not develop resentment towards their father. These efforts by Nelle, while well intentioned, served to create the illusion that the Reagan home environment was less dysfunctional than it truly was. According to Psychodynamic Theory, her behavior could be interpreted as reflective of an unconscious need to protect her children. Making a consistent effort to assure her sons that their father was the victim of a disease and powerless against his alcoholism could be classified as an illustration of both denial and rationalization. Denial is defined as, â€Å"the persons refusal to acknowledge external realities or emotions† (Kowalski and Westen, 2009). Rationalization can be identified as, â€Å"explaining away actions in a seemingly logical way to avoid uncomfortable feelings† (Kowalski and Westen, 2009). The Reagan family moved many times as a result of Jack’s inability to maintain work. This made it difficult for Ronald to build friendships which inevitably took a toll on his social skills as a boy and his ability to have meaningful relationships as an adult. As a child, Ronald Reagan was an introverted child with low self esteem (Gilbert, 2007). This is highly characteristic of children with alcoholic parents. Many individuals in Reagan’s close knit inner circle observed his reluctance, even inability, to sustain intimate and meaningful relationships with very many individuals. This is consistent to what research suggests about children who grow up in families in which at least one of the parents is an alcoholic. According to an article in the International Journal of Social Sciences and General Studies, â€Å"since the family is the context in which children usually learn to express their feelings, to love and express affection and to trust and share intimate aspects of their lives; it is understandable that many adult children of alcoholics have significant problems with psychosocial adjustment. They show extreme difficulty in sharing themselves in intimate ways with other people† (2010). It seems unlikely that Ronald Reagan, or any child who endures such unfortunate experiences, would ultimately be an actor or the president of the United States! However, the attention that Reagan sought was passive attention. He did not necessarily have to interact with audience members or constituents on a level that forced him to create any intimate, personal bond with these persons. Rather, he was able to operate from a secluded platform where he was able to control people’s perceptions of him. While he proved to be an effective leader and loved President, his childhood and subsequent development were certainly noticeable and undoubtedly affected how he operated as the leader of the free world. How to cite Ronald Reagan – Psychological Eval, Essay examples

Ronald Reagan †Psychological Eval Free Essays

He has been called the most significant President of the 20th century. Ronald Reagan’s devotion to the American people and his unwavering commitment to managing both domestic and foreign affairs with sincerity, composure and efficiency provided a beacon of hope in an era that was marked by economic turmoil on the homefront and an impending threat of nuclear war. An analysis of Reagan’s life history, from a psychological standpoint, seeks to reveal the significant factors and influential events that may shed light on how he acquired the distinctive characteristics and how the interplay of how these factors subsequently shaped the extraordinary person he became. We will write a custom essay sample on Ronald Reagan – Psychological Eval or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is necessary to consider the influence of heredity, certain family issues, social systems and environment on psychological development. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in the small midwestern town of Tampico, Illinois to Nell (mother) and Jack (father) and older brother Neil. Jack Reagan was a salesman, a staunch Irish- Catholic, a Democrat, despised bigotry and racial discrimination, supported blue collar workers and instilled in his sons the same values. Possibly more influential to Ronald’s psychological development was that his father was also an alcoholic (Gilbert, 2007). This was very difficult aspect of Reagan’s childhood and he struggled to cope with his reality and make sense of his father’s behavior. Ronald’s mother, Nelle was a very patient and nurturing woman who doted on her sons. She can be credited for familiarizing Ronald to theater and the stage by sharing with him her love of acting, as she was an actress herself. Being on stage and performing proved to be enjoyable for Ronald, so much so that he went on to star in various Hollywood movies. He even confessed that, â€Å"for a kid suffering childhood pangs of insecurity, the applause was music† (Will, 1990). She made a concerted effort to help them recognize that their fathers alcoholism, while upsetting and hard to understand, was a disease. Nelle was sympathetic in helping her sons deal with their father’s affliction and urged them not to blame their father for succumbing to the disease. She functioned as the constant source of unconditional loving care that seemed to lessen, though not completely diminish, the impact of Jack’s disease (Gilbert, 2007). She reminded her sons how evident their father’s love was when he was not drinking and helped them to maintain love and respect for their father in spite of his weakness. Nelle was a faithfully eligious woman and frequently made visits to families in need, the sick and went out of her way to lend a helping hand to anyone she was able help. Her generosity, kindness and unconditional love had a profound impact on her sons and masked some of the pain and disillusionment associated with their fathers’ alcoholism (Gilbert, 2007). For Reagan, growing up in an environment marked by the staggering paradox of his parents left an indelible impact on his life. His mother was the dependable parent who provided consistent love and guidance. In contrast, Jack Reagan’s alcoholism caused his sons considerable grief and confusion as to why he was unable to conquer his disease. Nelle Reagan wanted to protect her sons by rationalizing Jack’s behavior hoping they would not develop resentment towards their father. These efforts by Nelle, while well intentioned, served to create the illusion that the Reagan home environment was less dysfunctional than it truly was. According to Psychodynamic Theory, her behavior could be interpreted as reflective of an unconscious need to protect her children. Making a consistent effort to assure her sons that their father was the victim of a disease and powerless against his alcoholism could be classified as an illustration of both denial and rationalization. Denial is defined as, â€Å"the persons refusal to acknowledge external realities or emotions† (Kowalski and Westen, 2009). Rationalization can be identified as, â€Å"explaining away actions in a seemingly logical way to avoid uncomfortable feelings† (Kowalski and Westen, 2009). The Reagan family moved many times as a result of Jack’s inability to maintain work. This made it difficult for Ronald to build friendships which inevitably took a toll on his social skills as a boy and his ability to have meaningful relationships as an adult. As a child, Ronald Reagan was an introverted child with low self esteem (Gilbert, 2007). This is highly characteristic of children with alcoholic parents. Many individuals in Reagan’s close knit inner circle observed his reluctance, even inability, to sustain intimate and meaningful relationships with very many individuals. This is consistent to what research suggests about children who grow up in families in which at least one of the parents is an alcoholic. According to an article in the International Journal of Social Sciences and General Studies, â€Å"since the family is the context in which children usually learn to express their feelings, to love and express affection and to trust and share intimate aspects of their lives; it is understandable that many adult children of alcoholics have significant problems with psychosocial adjustment. They show extreme difficulty in sharing themselves in intimate ways with other people† (2010). It seems unlikely that Ronald Reagan, or any child who endures such unfortunate experiences, would ultimately be an actor or the president of the United States! However, the attention that Reagan sought was passive attention. He did not necessarily have to interact with audience members or constituents on a level that forced him to create any intimate, personal bond with these persons. Rather, he was able to operate from a secluded platform where he was able to control people’s perceptions of him. While he proved to be an effective leader and loved President, his childhood and subsequent development were certainly noticeable and undoubtedly affected how he operated as the leader of the free world. How to cite Ronald Reagan – Psychological Eval, Essay examples

Unitarist and Pluralist Managerial Perspectives

Introduction People have different ways of interpreting the events they come across in their daily life. School and family circumstances, encounters at the workplaces, clubs, religions, friends, society, and occupations influence most of the interpretations. Employment is one of the elements that influence people’s life.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Unitarist and Pluralist Managerial Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, management and nature of employment are some of the issues that trigger heated debates. Most of these debates are based on principles and postulations that people use as reference points, a theoretical device first used by Alan Fox in 1974 as a way of explaining how people hold different opinions towards various issues. It is possible for two people to look at a common issue but interpret it in two different ways. People have two different perspectives of interpretin g managerial practices that take place at workplaces. The two perspectives are unitarist and pluralist perspectives. The unitarist perspective holds that workplace conflicts are avoidable. According to unitarists, managers may avoid workplace conflicts by bringing all the stakeholders together and making sure that an organisation is managed from a single source of power. On the other hand, pluralists hold that workplace conflicts are inevitable. According to pluralists, managers ought to convert the conflict into profitable initiative rather than criticising it. This paper aims at analysing the unitarist and pluralist managerial perspectives. Besides, the writer will decide on the best perspective based on the findings of the analysis. Unitarism Unitarists base their arguments on postulations that workplace conflict is an avoidable feature of relationships between employees and their managers. They claim that as long as managers continue interacting with employees, they are likely t o quarrel.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to unitarists, both managers and employees share a common interest of making sure that their organisation grows steadily, and thus when a crisis occurs within the organisation, it would not lead to insolvency of the organisation (Ross Bamber 2009). Hence, the conflict that emerges between the parties is a result of personality muddle, poor communication, poor promotion practices, or inappropriate recruitment. Unitarists hold that to avoid such conflicts, the management team ought to identify the actions that might lead to conflicts and avoid implementing them. The management has the duty to conduct a free and fair promotion and recruitment exercise, come up with quality communication systems that are capable of showing the employees where their interests fall, and deal with people susceptible to personality disorders (Bacon Blyton 2007). Unitarists position on employee management draws from a number of theories. One of the theories is the theory of scientific management devised by Taylor (Ross Bamber 2009). The theory holds that for managers to come up with productive employee management strategies, they have to start by assuming that the employees are likely to avoid work whenever they get a chance, they have limited knowledge about the work, and are prone to pursuing personal interests. Therefore, to address these problems, the managers ought to come up with rigid and direct mechanisms that would help to control all the activities the employees undertake. The management has the duty to portray rational leadership during the recruitment process and when instructing employees. According to the unitarists, organisations ought to have a single source of authority. All instructions ought to come from the management team (Ross Bamber 2009). Managers are supposed to treat employees in a manner th at tries to suppress internal conflict over power by ensuring that it does not allocate powers to individual employees.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Unitarist and Pluralist Managerial Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another theory from which unitarists draw their position regarding employee management is the human relations theory. They believe that for an organisation to curb organisational tension, it has to make sure that it establishes a working environment that promotes self-fulfilment. Workers are qualitatively different from all other elements of production (Ross Bamber 2009). Therefore, whenever workers are deprived the opportunity to make decisions in the organisation, the unitarists believe that they will definitely look for ways to resist the management system that enforces these conditions. Organisations need to handle their employees with great care since they are the most cri tical resource in production. The management has the duty to design workplace relations in ways that promote self-satisfaction within the employees. The managers need to understand that the employees have the right to present their opinions on how they would like to be governed (Bacon Blyton 2007). Moreover, they are required to work on employee development as a way to show that they are committed to improving the wellbeing of all employees. In whichever way, the ultimate goal of this managerial approach is to curb internal conflicts by promoting self-satisfaction through involving the employees in running the organisation. Unitarists do not believe in the role of trade unions in the organisations (Dzimbiri 2008). According to them, trade unions are illegal interruptions to management objectives. Trade unions tend to neutralise the power of organisational leaders in making all the crucial decisions in an organisation. They champion for the employees’ interests and makes sure that leaders address the interests. In a way, there appears to be a second source of authority within an organisation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unitarists believe that this second source of authority, which is the trade union, is to blame for tension that arises between employees and managers. They make it hard for an organisation to solve internal differences harmoniously. Apart from the scientific management and the human relations theories, the Unitarists draw their inspirations from the human resource management theory. The management theory holds that, for an organisation to surmount tension it has to foster a psychological contract rooted on cooperation. Unitarists believe that the forces that bring together the managers and the employees are much stronger than the forces that draw them apart (Ross Bamber 2009). Hence, the management ought to work on the forces that unite it with the employees by establishing a working environment that promotes autonomy. The management needs to treat the issue of workplace relations as a hole. In a bid to encourage cooperation between the management and employees, the management need s to create a corporate culture that brings parties together, use an insidious and strong leadership style, and have a clear revelation of the organisational goals. Workplace social classes are a major hindrance to organisational success. They lead to the breakdown of communication across the different departments. Besides, the social classes lead to regular conflicts due to contradicting interests (Bacon Blyton 2007). Unitarists maintain that for an organisation to succeed, it has to have a management system that discourages establishment of social classes, establishes open communication, and champions for the interests of all parties to the organisation. Such a system is achievable by encouraging teamwork within the organisation. Teamwork promotes cooperation between employees, therefore, avoiding chances of conflict of interest. Besides teamwork, conducting employee performance appraisal would go a long way to encourage cooperation between employees. Pluralism Pluralists hold th at conflicts at workplaces are inevitable, which contradicts the unitarists’ position who believes that it is possible for institutions to circumvent conflict at workplaces. Pluralists perceive business organisations as intricate social constructions that comprise of groups of people with conflicting interests. Employees and the management form part of these groups (Giles 1998). Based on the nature of the organisation’s system, employees and management are seen to pledge to different objectives and values. Based on this perspective, pluralists believe that it is hard to do away with different sources of power within a business institution. For this reason, organisations cannot overcome conflicts. By acknowledging that organisations are incapable of overcoming conflicts, the pluralists consider conflict to be of significant benefit to an organisation (Giles 1998). It acts as the conduit through which employees present their problems. Moreover, they posit that whenever t he management senses that conflict might erupt in an organisation, they work towards coming up with innovative methods that would turn the conflict into a productive initiative. Pluralists assert that learning that trade unions and shop stewards are likely to cause trouble in an organisation leaves the management at a better position to address the issues of employee relations in a holistic manner. Incidentally, workplace conflict does not only help the management to come up with strategies for institutionalising employment regulations but to also promote a level ground for all parties since employees are able to stand their ground when negotiating on contract terms (Bacon Storey 2000). This assertion underlines the reason why pluralists advocate for trade unions to act on behalf of the employees when bargaining for stable working conditions. Pluralists draw their inspirations from the systems theory devised by Dunlop in 1958. The theory treats industrial relations as constituents of a wider social system (Kessler Purcell 2003). They believe that for an organisation to succeed there has to be numerous leaders or lines of command to make sure that one leader does not pursue personal interests at the expense of others. Unlike the unitarists who do not see the role of trade unions in organisations, pluralists believe that trade unions play a significant role in bringing sanity into an organisation. According to pluralists, organisations are more susceptible to conflicts than harmony. Hence, it is illogical to claim that trade unions are the root cause of conflict witnessed in organisations (Kessler Purcell 2003). The pluralist theory holds that the workplaces are made up of different sets of attitudes, values, behaviours, and beliefs. Hence, it is hard for any organisation to bring all the stakeholders together and share common interests and values (Kessler Purcell 2003). For the management to bring the employees together, it requires to go through the heavy task of convincing them on the need for coming together. Since the different employees have different interests, the management ought not to run away from conflicts. Instead, it needs to embrace workplace conflicts and look for ways to turn the conflicts into productive undertakings. Pluralists call upon the management to institute industrial relations and select skilled personnel to advice it on how to address industrial matters, rather than intimidating the trade union’s personnel. Pluralists maintain that the management has the duty to promote pluralism and give all parties in the organisation an opportunity to participate in making decisions on matters affecting the organisation (Ackers 2002). In a bid to achieve this goal, managers ought to understand that employees are not the cause of conflict witnessed in organisations, but they show the diversity in industrial relations. Therefore, to harness this diversity and use it productively, managers need to embrace conflictin g opinions. The opinions might be rich in novel operation methods, therefore, helping the organisation to grow its performance. A pluralistic managerial perspective occasionally embraces a balancing archetype. Pluralists view business organisations as plural societies that hold numerous related but separate goals and interests, which the managers ought to establish some form of equilibrium to maintain them. In case one of the interests dominates the others, an organisation is likely to face a crisis (Ackers 2002). Pluralists emphasise on the need for striking an even-handed balance between the different interests in a business organisation to circumvent negative results. Overlooking some interests and addressing others might lead to the demoralisation of employees whose interests are overlooked. Such employees would stop being productive subjecting the organisation to retarded growth (Ackers 2002). In a bid to ensure that all employees commit themselves to organisational goal, plura lists claim that management and employees need to compromise on some of their interests to reach a common ground where they would be able to work on the interests that are feasible and within the organisation’s budget. According to the pluralist managerial perspective, the management can and should play a central role in coming up with minimum standards and designing other policies to rectify the imbalance in the bargaining power and foster equity. Employment is not enough (Singh Loncar 2010). Managers ought to ensure that employees enjoy quality working conditions and employment security. Besides, pluralists maintain that the management needs to address both work and non-work related needs of their employees. It needs to give employees the power to make decisions at their workplaces, which would facilitate in avoiding conflicts, as employees would agree with their colleagues on policies to adopt. The pluralistic approach does not view the role of managers as to implement or ganisational policies. Instead, it views managers as the link between the organisation and the employees (Singh Loncar 2010). Rather than imposing policies on employees, managers are supposed to help in reconciling the competing parties within an organisation. Besides, they are supposed to help in aligning the employee interests with the organisational goals. The best perspective The assumption that workplace conflict is avoidable, as the unitarists believe is not true. Unitarists teach that organisations need to have a common interest and a single focus of loyalty. Nevertheless, this scenario is not the reality in many organisations. Different employees and organisational leaders hold different opinions and have competing interests (Gennard Judge 2002). Consequently, it is hard for any organisation to circumvent workplace conflicts. Since it is hard for organisational leaders to do away with competition within the organisation, they need to look for ways of exploiting the competi tion in a profitable way. The pluralist managerial perspective offers the best solution for dealing with contemporary organisations. In the modern organisations, the workforce comprises of people with different cultural backgrounds. This diversity makes it hard for employees to share common interests. In a bid to achieve organisational growth, the management has to have knowledge on how to motivate the diverse workforce. Besides, it has to have clear knowledge of the diverse interests held by the workforce and work on modalities to harmonise them. Unitarists claim that trade unions are the main cause of conflict in organisations and that to avoid conflicts; organisations need to eliminate trade unions. However, trade unions are not accountable for workplace conflicts. Actually, conflict is endemic within the workplaces. Most of the modern organisations do not have trade unions (Abbott 2006). Nonetheless, the organisations still witness workplace conflicts between the different group s of employees or within the management team. The managers ought to go by the saying â€Å"if you cannot beat them, join them†. Rather than trying to curb workplace conflict, which is hard to do away with, organisational leaders ought to bring back sanity by sharing the control of the organisation. Unitarists believe that using a single source of power might help to curb conflict, which may apply for small institutions (Abbott 2006). However, for bigger organisations, it is hard for the management team to use a single source of power, which underlines why organisations are working to remove the hierarchy that exists in their administration structure. The hierarchy not only leads to conflict, but also delays in the implementation of organisational policies. Therefore, pluralists offer the best solution to workplace conflicts, which is to share control of organisation between several leaders who would work on the various interests to reach at a common agreement with all the sta keholders. A single leader cannot manage to address all the employee demands and might end up enforcing his or her ideas, therefore, amplifying the conflict (Abbott 2006). The employer-employee relations can be said to have two crucial but different features. These features are the managerial relations and the market relations. The market relations entail the terms and conditions of employee recruitment and are economic in nature. The managerial relations are the most crucial in an organisation as they determine its success. One of the aspects of managerial relations is the collective bargaining (Bacon Blyton 2007). This aspect relates with the argument about the importance of trade unions in organisations. Organisations do not have time to get the opinion of every employee. Hence, trade unions would facilitate to gather the opinion of the employees and bring them on the table for the organisation to make decisive decisions. The pluralist managerial perspective advocates for collec tive bargaining, which is a valuable approach in organisation management. Collective bargaining offers a platform where all parties participate in a democratic decision-making process. In return, it motivates employees since they feel empowered (Bacon Blyton 2007). Contemporarily, employee empowerment is one of the strategies used in unleashing the employees’ potential. In an environment where employees have to wait for commands from their leaders (like the one unitarists advocate for), they get demoralised and fail to commit themselves (Schmidt 2009). In such an instance, employees only work because they need money and they leave the organisation upon getting the first chance. The pluralist managerial perspective promotes a working environment that empowers employees giving them a chance to make decisions on matters affecting their organisation. This aspect arouses the feeling of co-ownership of the organisation in employees, and thus they commit to enhancing its growth. An organisation that use pluralist managerial approach is likely to cut down on operations cost with respect to employee turnover (Schmidt 2009). Since the approach empowers the employees, they feel comfortable and they commit themselves to organisational goals. Workplace conflict, if managed effectively, would promote innovativeness in an organisation, which underlines the reason why pluralists advocate for the management to manage the conflict but not rebuke and criticise it. In case of workplace conflict, bringing together all the stakeholders would help an organisation identify the underlying challenges and tensions. In return, the management would be able to come up with measures to mitigate their potential effects or address them before they happen (Bacon Blyton 2007). In a unitarist managerial approach, the management would be caught unprepared by challenges posed by workplace conflict. The approach believes that it is possible to do away with workplace conflicts. However, the strategies it gives appear more intimidating to employees. Therefore, instead of solving the conflicts, the strategies postpone them only to erupt at a time when the organisation is not prepared. On the other hand, the pluralist perspective employs conflict management strategies to address the challenges a conflict poses. It brings together all the parties involved in the conflict and helps them to come up with a consensus (Kessler Purcell 2003). For the modern organisations to prosper, they need to exploit the skills their diverse workforce possesses. Currently, organisations employ people with diverse cultural backgrounds. If these diverse cultures are brought together, they might help an organisation to come up with quality managerial practices, which can be achieved if an organisation accepts to accommodate a wide range of employee relations policies (Gennard Judge 2002). A Unitarist managerial perspective would not accommodate a range of policies since the system advocate fo r a single source of power. Embracing numerous policies would imply having numerous sources of power or a wide range of options to select from, which might lead to conflicts. Conversely, the pluralist managerial approach would accommodate for a range of employee relations policies. The approach acknowledges the potential benefits of workplace conflicts. Therefore, it would not mind to embrace the numerous policies even though they might lead to conflict within the diverse workforce. By bringing together the diverse experiences, an organisation would have a better chance of incorporating novel functions in its management practice thus improving its performance. Integrating the sentiments of every employee into the organisational goals would go a long way to curb workplace conflicts. This aspect underlines why the unitarist managerial perspective calls for common interests among the employees. Nevertheless, the perspective does not advice on how managers can come up with mutual intere sts or how to share mutual interests across the business institution. Storey (2000) posits, â€Å"Unitarism does not provide any guidelines for human resource, so that it can pursue unitarism effectively† (p.12). Individuals supporting unitarism perspective assume that employees are mature enough to reach conclusive decisions on how to integrate organisational and personal interests. This assumption makes the perspective weak, since it is hard for individuals with differing opinions to come up with an agreement without following a particular guideline. The pluralist perspective understands this aspect and that is why it advocates for collective bargaining as the alternative method to help in bringing the personal and organisational interests together. Unitarist managerial perspective holds that workplace conflicts are avoidable. Nevertheless, the unitarists fail to understand that employers are the root cause of the conflict. The unitarists advocate for employers to have abso lute powers in running the organisation. They do not realise that by granting the employers absolute powers, they exert unnecessary pressure on employees, which triggers the conflict. Instead of employees participating in the decision-making process, the employers force them to embrace the decisions made by the management even if they affect their rights and interests. In the end, the employees end up resisting the decisions leading to conflicts. For the organisation to curb conflicts, it has to ensure that all stakeholders take part in the decision-making process. Hence, only the pluralist managerial perspective can address workplace conflict, which is an inevitable phenomenon. Conclusion Managers follow different reference points when executing their management exercises. Two of such reference points are the unitarist and the pluralist managerial perspectives. The two perspectives have different opinions regarding organisational management. Unitarist holds that workplace conflict is avoidable. Therefore, the unitarist perspective calls for the establishment of a single source of power and integration of organisational and employee interests. They believe that workplace conflicts come because of different employee interests. Moreover, unitarists believe that employees do not need having trade unions, as the unions add to workplace conflicts. On the other hand, pluralist managerial perspective holds that workplace conflicts are inevitable. According to pluralists, it is hard for organisations to curb workplace conflicts. Therefore, the organisational management team needs to look for the opportunities that might help it to use the emerging conflicts to boost organisational growth. Pluralists view workplace conflicts in a positive dimension. They believe that the conflicts help the management to unravel the underlying tensions, therefore, helping them to come up with measures to mitigate them. Between the two perspectives, pluralist managerial perspective is th e better. The perspective acknowledges that it is hard for an organisation to overcome workplace conflicts and it gives a method of embracing the conflict in a productive way. Reference List Abbott, K 2006, ‘A review of employment relations theories and their application’,  Problems and Perspectives in Management, vol. 1 no.1, pp. 187-198. Ackers, P 2002, ‘Reframing Employment Relations: The case for neo-pluralism’,  Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 2–19. Bacon, N Blyton, P 2007, ‘Conflict for Mutual Gains?’ Journal of Management  Studies, vol. 44 no. 5, pp. 814-834. Bacon, N Storey, J 2000, ‘New employee relations strategies in Britain: Towards individualism or partnership?’ British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 38 no. 3, pp. 407-428. Dzimbiri, L 2008, Industrial relations in a developing society: The case of colonial,  independent one-party and multiparty Malawi, Cuvillier Verlag, Germany. Gennard, J Judge, G 2002, Employee Relations, 3rd edn, Institute of Personnel and Development, Wimbledon. Giles, A 1998, Theories and concepts in comparative industrial relations, University of South Carolina Press, South Carolina. Kessler, I Purcell, J 2003, Industrial Relations: Theory And Practice, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Ross, P Bamber, G 2009, ‘Strategic choices in pluralist and unitarist employment relations regimes: A study of Australian telecommunications’, Industrial Labour  Relations Review, vol. 63 no. 1, pp. 24-41. Schmidt, S 2009, ‘Employee demographics and job training satisfaction: The relationship between dimensions of diversity and satisfaction with job training’,  Human Resource Development International, vol. 12 no. 3, pp. 297-312. Singh, P Loncar, N 2010, ‘Pay satisfaction, job satisfaction, and turnover intent’,  Industrial Relations, vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 470-490. Storey, J 2000, The Realities of Human Resou rce Management: Managing The  Employment Relationship, Open University Press, Buckingham. This case study on Unitarist and Pluralist Managerial Perspectives was written and submitted by user Aubrianna Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Graffiti Art

Essay on Graffiti Art Essay on Graffiti Art Los Angeles is the most densely inhabited city in the state of California, and stands in second place after New York City, as the most populous in America. Most people in the city socialize mostly through cultural traditions and arts that are mainly practiced in the area. These arts form the basis of communication and expressions whether political or social. That being a few of the forms of expression graffiti is being widely used in the city. This form of art is employed as a means of social and political expression. The reason as to why young people use this form of avenue is that it is quite public and will relay the message. The fact that they are not provided with platforms to express themselves is another key issue to be addressed. In this paper, discussion on ways through which this work of art expresses the social and political issues in relation to Los Angeles will follow suit. The city holds a history rich of arts and culture that has attracted millions of tourists from all over the world many years ago. In fact, the city’s greater area represents the most important site for television and movie production in the whole of the U.S. Other works of art related to Los Angeles include literature, music, museums, architecture, paintings, and street art, just to mention a few. Wordings; Graffiti artists use certain terms like crews, bombing, taggers these form a characteristic of graffiti traditions, although significantly, this type of dialect is to the idea that the whole culture is associated to the wider American customs that we are a components. Culture and language cannot be separated; culture creates language and the language creates culture. This distinct language is a preserve for graffiti tradition members and can be learnt through participation or continuous exposure to tag culture. This tag language is one form that graffiti is used to express social issues. The present graffiti words are obtained from the daily social life, the comments, phallic symbols, the jokes. Such graffiti is written in a common language so that individuals can comprehend, in addition to, partake in its humor or react in kind (Phillips, 47). The second category is images; in the context of community-based graffiti; these graffiti look like vivacious characters and vibrant texts. They have an origin in hip-hop culture and were selected because of its ability to both isolate, and form an interconnected faction that replicate current social issues in Los Angeles. It reflects a culture that is emerging in the society; it is ingrained in clothes, music, and dialect. The style was a preferred method, and individuals who create these images were part of the society that is influenced by the occurrence of these descriptions. Graffiti carried out by Gang is the type that is emphasizes a lot of the communal identification that this expressive means may value . However, the power that this illustrations yield, is usually disregarded. Graffiti expressing political notions is founded in interior representation by which negative political thoughts are channeled. These types of graffiti are mostly employed through activism movements in times of political protests; they have the ability to induce an emotional response, whether good or bad from their targeted audience. Objects, images and social conducts that contain a common implication among communities stand to unite the people. Under graffiti, the art has stood as a representation of opposition and a common dissatisfaction with current social certainty. Ancient graffiti expressed love affirmations, social opinions and simple terminology of the notion in comparison to current popular information of societal and political standards as seen in the streets of Los Angeles (Phillips, 46). This is the same as in today’s world. Graffiti has been commercialized and is gaining popularity while others are seeking its legitimization. In 2001, IBM a large computer firm instigated a movement in Chicago, and San Francisco, which was advertising peace the campaign primarily, involved the community spray work of art on pavements the given symbols to illustrate Peace, Love, and Linux. However, because of the law which states that graffiti art is illegal the act saw the artists detained and prosecuted with damage charges, in addition to the repair costs, and penalty measures, IBM Company was fined more than US$120,000. In Los Angeles, Sony instigated same advertising campaign in 2005 and other cities, but this time taking into consideration the legal challenges of the IBM campaign. Sony compensated proprietors for the privileges to paint on their properties; portraits of dizzy-eyed city kids gathering, who were imitating a skateboard, a paddle or a rocking horse using PSP gadget. The two campaigns are an expression of an application of graffiti as a means in passing information, which the society does not approve to some extent. The war is clearly illustrated in Los Angeles, where two people were shot dead by the graffiti artist when they tried to stop them from doing what they love best. . Another social aspect is the growth of computer gaming depicting the art largely. These is to the positive aspect of the art, for example, the jet set radio program (2000–2003) shows the story of an assembly of youths fighting the subjugation of an authoritarian police that seeks to hinder the graffiti artists’ liberty of expression. Frequently, graffiti is reputed as an element of a culture that seeks to rebel against au thority and laws in general as seen in the state where a certain group brands themselves and seek to warn visitors of their presence. What in my perspective makes the art wrong is the fact that most vandals are young people, ranging from young school going to youths, who vandalize public spaces for invalid reasons such as boredom, anger or revenge. For successful artists, ideas that perform this art often diverge and can illustrate a wide array of approaches and perceptions. Most artist use materials such as paints and sprays, these sprays have a negative effect on the surroundings because of the fact that it contains. Harmful chemical elements like chlorofluorocarbons or volatile hydrocarbon gases are contained in the paints used for graffiti in painting a surface. These are harmful to the environment, and will continue to worsen the global warming situation in the world. Alternatively, moss graffiti can be adopted which will use moss, which is more environmental friendly to create the images or the wordings. The mixture is prepared through gluing moss unto a plane by mixing beer milk or yoghurt to serve as an adhesive for the art. These efforts of making the situation more environment friendly does not justify the fact that each year, in the clean up exercise of graffiti, large amounts are accounted for. The society can approve a policy less lenient for destruction and instead provide an avenue or a place designed specifically for these artists to express themselves. Arresting them will only make the condition worse and they will continue to spend cleaning up the streets. On the other hand, with the already tarnished streets, what the locals need to do is first; to identify objects and locations prone to graffiti, and educate property owners effective and efficient of cleaning the places. Participants in these forums will mostly include property owners affected by graffiti, recreational facilities public works, shopping malls, schools, government, businesses, and other institutions. This will resolve the crisis in the short period; in the end, they can construct their buildings with hard to write on bricks or plant shrubs and hedges. Improved lighting and cooperation of the community and the authority will solve their so-called problem. Looking at an artist’s perspective bring us to understand why they are so passionate about the art. Certain anthropologists explain that the art is an expression of one’s ideas and ideals. It goes beyond just the images and is mostly a representation of political ideas, race and art. This passion goes beyond fear of being caught, which has made a blog that highlights these paintings as being top five most viewed sights. I must say that these pieces of art is quite eye-catching and has its own beauty. The artists also are said to have a distinction between street art and graffiti basing the difference in that the artist signs graffiti while the street art is simply a form of expression, which is often done randomly. These facts also lead us to asking the question is the form of art an unnecessary struggle. I believe when one wants to pursue something he should go for it. Being a true believer means one is not swayed by the changing world, but one should also consider doi ng it peacefully. Overall, the art can signify liberation, love or territory. What the artist need is to make the community understand from their point of view. Successful artists in this field have received awards to prove that the entire art is not a negative vice and can be displayed in museums. In other words, it can be a visual method of communication with these it would play as both an art and a mode of communication to the users. Being an old form of art goes to show it has its form of justification and is not all negative (Ganz, and Tristan, 98). A closer insight to the teenagers responsible for this form of art these explain that graffiti delineates the effect neighborhood, politics, and culture that is the society in general have on the day today activities of these teenagers. Most outstanding thing of this insight being the spirit, pride and allegiance that are expressed through in the voices of the said teenagers. This is not a glorification or the justification of gang behavior, but we rather perceive it as an objective that focuses on a specific social group that is not readily featured in the mainstream media and is trying to reach out. Gangs are not prevalent in many communities; my hope is that concerned parties would be enlightened, through various channels to be able to communicate with this group of a generation that is in need of help.

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes Even though parenthetical style citations have become popular in modern academia, there are plenty of times when they are not quite appropriate. You might find that you are dealing with an old-school editor who requires the use of endnotes. In fact, for many manuscript publications, endnotes are the preferred method of citation. Why Use Endnotes? Endnotes are a wonderful solution to the break in flow that citations can sometimes create. When you use them, you can be sure that your text will not be interrupted by more than a single superscript number. The reader can then turn to the back of the book or paper to read the entire citation, if they so choose. Much of the reason that we use any type of citationwhether an APA style citation or Chicago Style citationis to provide healthy proof for our claims. We want to make sure that we can write with authority, and provide backing for the theoretical points we make. We also want to be sure that we can properly utilize the works of those who have gone before us. Endnotes vs. Footnotes Because of this, few readers are interested in reading footnotes at the end of each page. In fact, many readers find it distracting, and will only desire footnotes for further investigation on the topic at hand. Because of this, endnotes have remained a quite popular reference solution in the publication realms.

TRAINING AND APPRAISALS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TRAINING AND APPRAISALS - Essay Example which are practical tests about a person’s actual job skills and talents, â€Å"but these tests prove unreliable in predicting the performance of new hires† (Jones, 2000, p.118). The 360 Degree Feedback process helps to predict future performance of a worker by measuring all of their current job role activities and how they interact at the professional and social level with customers and coworkers. It is more reliable as a tool than other traditional human resources performance appraisals. â€Å"Organizations need to regularly and systematically audit, evaluate and continually improve their performance appraisal systems† (Wilson and Western, 2001, p.93). It seems that traditional performance appraisals, which do not include 360 degree feedback, are not giving businesses the results they are looking for in regards to human resources. Therefore, they are looking for ways to monitor and change these processes to make them more efficient. At the human resources level, the 360 Degree Feedback system avoids having to go through the process of auditing and improving appraisal systems because the 360 degree process views the entire organization. For example, an employee who works in telemarketing might receive feedback from customers which indicate that the worker is unprofessional and lacks technical knowledge of client information. However, at the internal level, the worker is adored at the social level and has a great interpersonal relationship with colleagues and m anagers. The 360 Degree Feedback system would identify these client/worker failures right away, therefore less time is wasted in ongoing auditing. It is a tool which provides better insight into worker function from all levels. The 360 Degree Feedback system also corrects issues of accuracy in performance appraisals, due to the fact that â€Å"virtually every problem is related to accuracy in one way or another† (Chandra, 2006, p.34). There could a manager in a division who has a certain dislike for one of

Policy Response to Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Response to Climate Change - Essay Example Laws are virtually of no use if there are no regulatory bodies to ensure the laws are enforced. These regulatory bodies would, among other things, visit industries and other sources where carbon emissions are recorded in worse quantities. They would check to confirm that the laws and regulations set in the laws are adhered to. III. Education and Sensitization: More to the regulation of laws, there should be measures to educate the public and sensitize them on climate change. It is hoped that with massive education, the people will have personal and political will to ensure that they adhere to the need to ensure that there is not much production of carbon in the environment. Such education will be carried out in schools and in public places. IV. Enforcement of Law: Regardless of the activities of the regulatory bodies and the education and sensitizations that will take place, there are certainly going to be people and bodies who would attempt to break the laws. To such people, the laws must be applied. They must be forced to face the full rigors of the law. Laws without enforcement are only toothless bulldogs and this must not happen. There should be enforcements that would ensure that others are deterred from breaking the laws. I. Educating stakeholders and the public on climate change, its risks and how to avoid it: This policy will target the education of the masses on what climate change is, its causes and its effects. It is hoped that when the people gain enough education on the phenomenon, they will be empowered to be patriotic enough in ensuring that their actions and inactions do not lead to climate changes.

Benjamin Franklin :: essays research papers

Benjamin Franklin: New World Physicist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. He was one of seventeen other brothers and sisters. His father, Josiah Franklin, who emigrated from Oxfordshire, England, worked as a soap boiler and tallow chandler. Benjamin’s mother, Abiah Folger, was from Nantucket but her family derived from England as well. Benjamin Franklin’s entire life, which lasted almost the entire eighteenth century, was based upon order and systematic discipline in addition to his dependence on wisdom and intelligence. Franklin was sincere, honest, and was apt to self-examination. He acquired long lasting friends from persons of every age. Franklin found unquestionable delight in living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benjamin Franklin started attending school at the age of 8 and was at the head of his class by the end of his first year. After only attending his first school for one year he moved on to math and arithmetic school. He failed out of that school by the time he was 10. He then quit school completely in order to assist his father in the soap and candle making business. At age 12 he moved on to be an apprentice to his older brother James, who was a printer. Soon Franklin had ambitions to write and by age 16 he had written a series of letters by an imaginary author. The letters were printed in the New England Courant, which was published by his brother. Still pursuing his writing career, he ran away to Philadelphia and continued working in the printing business. He arrived in 1725 with one Dutch dollar and one copper shilling. By 1729, he had bought and published The Pennsylvania Gazette. He then married his landlady’s daughter, Deborah Reed. In the next seventeen years Franklin had three children, published the first Poor Richards Almanac, and invented the Pennsylvania fireplace, among many other things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1747, Franklin began his electrical experiments and then retired from the printing trade. His book, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, was published soon after that. The Stamp Act was passed in 1765 and Franklin wrote anonymously in London newspapers against the act, which was repealed the next year. In 1771, he wrote the first part of his autobiography, three years before his wife died. In 1776, Franklin, along with Adams, Livingston, Jefferson and Sherman, drafted the Declaration of Independence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776. Later in 1776, Franklin was elected as the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention and appointed one of the three commissioners to the French Court. Benjamin Franklin :: essays research papers Benjamin Franklin: New World Physicist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. He was one of seventeen other brothers and sisters. His father, Josiah Franklin, who emigrated from Oxfordshire, England, worked as a soap boiler and tallow chandler. Benjamin’s mother, Abiah Folger, was from Nantucket but her family derived from England as well. Benjamin Franklin’s entire life, which lasted almost the entire eighteenth century, was based upon order and systematic discipline in addition to his dependence on wisdom and intelligence. Franklin was sincere, honest, and was apt to self-examination. He acquired long lasting friends from persons of every age. Franklin found unquestionable delight in living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benjamin Franklin started attending school at the age of 8 and was at the head of his class by the end of his first year. After only attending his first school for one year he moved on to math and arithmetic school. He failed out of that school by the time he was 10. He then quit school completely in order to assist his father in the soap and candle making business. At age 12 he moved on to be an apprentice to his older brother James, who was a printer. Soon Franklin had ambitions to write and by age 16 he had written a series of letters by an imaginary author. The letters were printed in the New England Courant, which was published by his brother. Still pursuing his writing career, he ran away to Philadelphia and continued working in the printing business. He arrived in 1725 with one Dutch dollar and one copper shilling. By 1729, he had bought and published The Pennsylvania Gazette. He then married his landlady’s daughter, Deborah Reed. In the next seventeen years Franklin had three children, published the first Poor Richards Almanac, and invented the Pennsylvania fireplace, among many other things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1747, Franklin began his electrical experiments and then retired from the printing trade. His book, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, was published soon after that. The Stamp Act was passed in 1765 and Franklin wrote anonymously in London newspapers against the act, which was repealed the next year. In 1771, he wrote the first part of his autobiography, three years before his wife died. In 1776, Franklin, along with Adams, Livingston, Jefferson and Sherman, drafted the Declaration of Independence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776. Later in 1776, Franklin was elected as the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention and appointed one of the three commissioners to the French Court.

Television, Newspaper, Magazine, and Other Media Pay Too Much Attention to the Personal Lives of Famous People

As the coming age of mass media, almost everyone will unavoidablely be influenced by television, newspapers, and even the World Wide Web–the Internet. Famous people are the only group the masses most concern. Convenient media approaches make every day's behaviors of famous people available to average people. Commercial management of media brings about the excessive attention to the personal lives of famous people. To begin with, after television and broadcast, Internet is becoming the most popular and convenient way for information. Because social celebrities are always the focus of news, many websites have to endeavor a lot to publish relevant news. Besides the convenient access to news, Internet is also a fascinating place where normal people can announce their opinions and communicate with each other without obstacles. So the personal lives of famous people could consistently be the hottest issue on the website. Concerning the significant influence of famous people, several well-known news websites established special areas on its websites to provide up-to-date information about famous people’s personal lives. Not just what I have mentioned above, maybe someone merely cannot satisfy about these, and even several public figures start personal websites and blogs to cater for the appetite of the mass. According to recent news, the visit rate of the blog of Xu Jinglei, who is a famous actress in mainland of China, has broken through 1 billion. The blog memorizes almost every details about her work and usual life. In comparison, the relevant websites about mass health care and charity service are not that attractive. Moreover, some cunning news companies always exaggerate the plots about celebrities’ personal affairs for commercial purpose. By reading many different newspapers in USA, you will see that President Bush's pictures published can not be so funny. Those entire pictures exhibit the behaviors of Bush were so awkward and indecent. Why do those newspaper's editors use such pictures? The answer can not be too clear. The editors want to allure as many people as possible by using the people's curiosity to famous people. Obviously, it is the audience who are the very motive for the excessive attention of the media. In conclusion, the convenient media approaches and the curiosity of ordinary people render the personal lives of famous people always open for discussing and debating, and media has pay too much attention about these.

How Financial Ratios Can Predict Failure Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2400 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? 1 Introduction Financial crisis is the concrete embodiment of corporate failures. To study the causes of a listed company in financial distress and establish perfect, effective and operational early warning model not only has theoretical significance, but also has practical significance. With the scientific early warning model, a listed company can in time prevent and defuse financial crisis and improve the scientific nature of the crisis early-warning management; lenders (banks) will avoid high-risk loans; investors access to financial risk warning; government regulatory agencies can be with more effective and more scientific manner for market regulation, maintaining the stable operation of the market.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Financial Ratios Can Predict Failure Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 2 Literature Review Beaver (1966) first proposed corporate financial early-warning analysis model, followed by many scholars in this field of research, research methods are also continually refined and improved. Among them is the landmark of Z-Score Discriminate model proposed by Beaver (1966) and Altman (1968, 1977), and the logic / probability of regression model proposed by Martin (1977) and Ohlson (1980). Zavgren (1985) and other scholars made further deepening. Aziz, Emanuel, and Lawson (1988, 1989) based on the cash flow model proposed companys value comes from the operators, creditors, shareholders and the sum of the Governments cash flow present value. According to the analysis of the paired data between bankrupt company and non-bankrupt company, they found that in the five years before bankruptcy, the two types of the companys means of cash flow from operations and cash payments have a significant difference in average income. According to statistics, the most frequently used method for analysi s of the financial distress is multiple linear discriminate analysis and logistic regression method. In recent years, many countries have begun to experiment with new methods of financial distress prediction and have made some preliminary results, such as the use of various neural network models, in an attempt to overcome the shortcomings of previous methods. Meanwhile, some scholars have tried to explore the basis of economic theory of the enterprises financial crisis, from the non-equilibrium theory, option pricing models and contract theory to analyze and forecast the financial crisis, and have achieved some results. Throughout the status of research and application at home and abroad, classification methods to a multiple linear discriminate analysis (MDA) as the mainstream, this is the most effective method in the academic circles and the industry. However, this method has its own drawbacks, such as the more stringent assumptions that the MDA requests variables showed normal distribution and equal covariance matrix and linear independence, which are inconsistent with many practice, has been the controversial issues in this field of study on the quantitative analysis. In view of this, this article would try to ST, as defined in the British company is a sign of financial distress, using the financial data of listed companies to the mainstream method of MDA in the early warning of financial distress to make a comparative study, on the one hand, further test the empirical results of these two methods in the United Kingdom in the application; the other hand, verify the existing accounting system and accounting standards, the financial statements whether there is predictive value of information, financial crisis whether there is a trace could be found, so as to provide an effective early warning tool of financial analysis for investors, financial institutions and market regulators. 3 MDA Early Warning Model of Financial Distress 3.1 Introduction of MDA The basic idea of multivariate linear discriminate analysis (MDA) in the s prediction research of financial distress is: According to the known observation of two different totalities, that is, a company with financial distress and a company without financial distress, and a number of random variable (financial indicators) reflect the differences in observed characteristics of the objects, based on historical data, using statistical methods filter out the index system with certain significant differences, to fit an optimal linear model for the classification of new things. The general form of discriminate function is:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (1) where: is discriminate score, to reflect the characteristic variables of the study object, such as financial ratios; is discriminate coefficient for each variable. 3.2 Ideas and methods of empirical research In this paper, ST listed companies have been defined as an enterprise standard of corporate failures, which is a sign of financial distress for a listed company. This article first carried out the division of the ST types and stages of the company, and then analyzed the correlation model of the financial early-warning. Again it analyzed the all ST listed companies on the selected anomalies due to the financial situation, by primary 150 samples access to corporate financial distress, excluding the non-normal and data on the default company and, ultimately, obtained a sample of 83 companies in financial distress. At the same time, according to the matching principle of industry and size, it also selected 83 normal businesses as paired samples. On this basis, we have selected cover the length (short) period of solvency, operational efficiency, profitability, risk level, capacity development, capital structure, a total of six categories of 52 financial indicators, through the principal c omponent analysis model for screening the forecast variables, and ultimately to obtain 16 principal component variables for financial distress prediction. This paper presents a new perspective as a quantitative model-based in order to carry out a qualitative analysis of financial distress prediction. It should be noted that, despite the academic circles have done continuous research on the financial early-warning model, but so far people are still unable to accurately determine the financial variables included in the early-warning model. Therefore, at the choice of predictor variables, one can only determine the discrimination ratio as a standard to carry out a lot of search work, in a number of different models, variable combinations, sample composition and estimation techniques determine the ability to find the best combination of forecasts model. 3.3 Selection of Analysis Variables of listed company in financial distress 3.3.1 Sample design and data processing In this paper, the listed company by the plates of industry category in London Stock Exchange as a study object, the company has been special treatment (ST) because of the financial situation as a sign for an enterprise into financial distress, select all the ST companies from1998-2003 as the sample of companies financial distress. Since the Commission is based on the announced results from the annual reports of listed companies two years ago to determine whether there is abnormal financial situation and decide whether want them for special treatment, so the first two years using the annual reports of listed companies to forecast whether it would be obvious ST will exaggerate the predictive power of the model. Therefore, this option ST listed companies are to predict the first three years to determine whether it will ultimately fall into financial distress, that is, if a listed company in 2003 was special treatment, we use the data in 2000 to predict the annual report. In order to eliminate the influence of the factors of different years, industry and the scale of asset on financial distress prediction, we have based on the principle according to the ratio of 1:1 selects the healthy financial listed companies as paired samples: (1) consistent study period, such as financial distress enterprises adopt the data in 2000, then the normal financial company also use the data in 2000. (2) Paired samples are the same similar with the types of industry in financial distress. (3) Paired samples have the similar size of the total assets of the enterprises in financial distress. (4) The exclusion of ST companies with pure B shares and companies with serious accounting fraud. (5) The exclusion of companies missing or unreasonable data and the companies within two years is ST. (6) The exclusion of ST companies by other abnormal conditions. Accordingly, this study identified 300 samples, while excluding the non-normal ST companies and missing data companies. Finally the typical samples with completed data are a total of 166. Define the combination of 0 for the company in financial distress, the combination of 1 for the company in healthy finance, and with estimated 126 samples (including 63 companies in financial distress, 63 companies in healthy finance ), predictive samples are 40 (including 20 companies in financial distress, 20 companies in healthy finance). Selected covering a long (short) period of solvency, operational efficiency, profitability, risk level, capacity development, capital structure, a total of six categories are 52 financial indicators, deleting data, the default variable to be 26 initial variables, and then through principal component analysis method to determine the model predictor variables. 3.3.2 Variable test and screening The 16 principal components get by the above methods as new variables use stepwise discriminate analysis method for screening independent variables. 1, test with equal group mean value To compare the means of 16 principal components of financial indicators in different combinations are equal, we conducted a test of equal means. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1, at the probability level of significance of 10%, Z1, Z3 and other 13 financial indicators in the two groups of samples there were significant differences on the mean. 2, variable screening Use stepwise discriminate analysis for variable screening. The model criteria are generally based on pre-designated F-value and probability level. Only when the calculated F value for a variable is greater than the specified value, the variable can enter the final discriminate function. This article will define the corresponding probability of significant F value as 0.1. The process of variable screening is shown in Table 2, the last predictive variables to enter the model are Z8, Z5, Z4, Z3, Z2. And the ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ » value of Z2 (Lambda = 0.736) is the smallest, indicating Z2 in the enterprises financial distress prediction has a more important role, followed by Z3 and Z4. 3, multicollinearity test In order to avoid multicollinearity, this paper adopts tolerance (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF) for multicollinearity tests for selected five variables. The results are shown in Table 3: In general, when the TOL is less than 0.1, or VIF greater than 10, it believes that there is multicollinearity. It can be drawn from Table 6, these selected variables do not exist multicollinearity. 4 Prediction of MDA model According to Fisher criteria, to make the maximum discriminate scores to distinguish two different totalities, the finally obtained linear discriminate function must determine the efficiency of the largest group of linear discriminate variable Z. According to Fisher linear discriminate model, we can calculate the means of the two types and, discriminate point is determined according to the principle of symmetry category: Z ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   ¼Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °/ 2 We will compare every companys Z score and discriminate point Z, if Z Z then it can be regards as the healthy financial company, and vice versa ruled the company in financial distress. By the application SPSS11.5 software and run the MDA analysis model, the analysis results obtained are in Table 4 below: By the discriminate coefficient in Table 4, we can get a linear discriminate function: Z = 0.121 + 0.474ÃÆ'Æ’-Z2 0.258ÃÆ'Æ’-Z3 0.348ÃÆ'Æ’-Z4 0.247ÃÆ'Æ’-Z5 + 0.404ÃÆ'Æ’-Z8 From the coefficient of the group center of gravity in Table 8, it can be seen that the means of the two combined Z scores are -0.797 and 0.866, respectively. Therefore, according to the principle of symmetry classification, discriminate point Z= ¼Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °/ 2 = 0.0345, When taking every companys financial indicators into the discriminate function, the obtained Z-score is greater than 0.0345, then it can be regards as the healthy financial company, the contrary is the company in financial distress. Discriminate results are as follows (see Table 5): The error rate of the miscarriage of justice for the company in financial distress (0) to the company in healthy finance (1) is expressed by type of I e error rate of the miscarriage of justice for the company in financial distress (0) to the company in healthy finance (1) is expressed by type of II, it can be seen that with error rate for estimated samples with multiple discriminate analysis is 16%, the error rate by type of II is 14.3%, the integrated accuracy rate is 84.85%; and the error rate by type of I for predicted samples is 15%, the error rate by type of II is 20%, the integrated accuracy rate is 82.5%. 5 Recommendations The quantitative early-warning model provides an effective early warning signal, but to make more accurate measurements for the operation of listed companies failures, it also needs for some qualitative detailed analysis of the situation. a, changes in ownership in listed companies: The transfer of shares of listed companies, especially the changes of large shareholders and controlling shareholders, generally begin to occur in the operations of the company to start or has worsened, a major shareholder is to look for a strong partner to bail the company and its own out circumstances. Such as asset restructuring of listed companies are mostly based on transfer of shares as the beginning. b, self-discipline and stability of the situation of the board and senior management: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"   self-discipline. Concern about whether the directors and executives suspected of corruption, smuggling and other economic crimes, because these acts not only harm the companys image, but also often bring enormous economic losses to listed companies, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" ¡ stability of personnel. Board is the companys business strategy-maker, and senior executives is an execution for the established strategy, if the frequent changes in boards and senior executives, will definitely lead to the instability and the implementation of bias for the development of strategic and operational guidelines, thus affecting the companys normal operations . Therefore, it must also attach importance to the company with frequent changes of personnel. 6 Conclusion MDA technology for early warning of financial distress of listed companies have a high predictive ability, which further demonstrated that in the existing accounting system and accounting standards, the financial statements can provide a wealth of useful information for prediction of financial distress, the financial crisis has disappeared to be found. A listed company in financial crisis or corporate failures is a concrete manifestation of survival of the fittest under the conditions of market economy. In this context, the financial crisis highlights the growing importance of advance warning. Financial indicators contain useful information for the prediction of financial distress, using the first three years of financial indicators, the MDA model can effectively predict the probability of financial crisis for ST companies; however, with the comparison, by the use of the previous four years and the first five years financial indicators, the long-term early warning capability of the MDA model is not good enough. To this end, it needs the combination of the quantitative and qualitative indicators for monitoring early-warning model for the real-time monitoring of company changes, to establish a financial distress prediction method for listed companies with quantitative model-based, supplemented by qualitative analysis, to ensure to pr ovide a reliable basis for decision making on the businesses, governments, creditors, prevention and risk mitigation.